Guide to the Papers of Lucien Wolf (1857-1930) and David Mowshowitch (1887-1957), (1708-1963) (bulk 1880-1930), RG 348

Processed by David Wolfson and Cecile E. Kuznitz with the assistance of a grant from the S. H. and Helen R. Scheuer Family Foundation. Additional processing carried out by YIVO archivists with the assistance of a grant from the Gruss Lipper Family Foundation.

YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
15 West 16th Street
New York, NY 10011
Email: archives@yivo.cjh.org
URL: http://www.yivo.org

Collection reorganized and a machine-readable finding aid created by Cecile E. Kuznitz as a WordPerfect document in November 1993. Electronic finding aid was converted to EAD 2002 by Stanislav Pejša in February 2004. Customized in Archon in 2013. Description is in English.

Collection Overview

Title: Guide to the Papers of Lucien Wolf (1857-1930) and David Mowshowitch (1887-1957), (1708-1963) (bulk 1880-1930), RG 348

Predominant Dates:Bulk 1880-1930

ID: RG 348 FA

Extent: 12.25 Linear Feet

Arrangement:

The collection is organized in ten (10) topical series.

Rivke Tcherikower completed the first organization of the collection after its arrival in the YIVO Archives. In 1966, the collection was arranged by Zosa Szajkowski with the help of a grant from M.E. Kalish of Philadelphia. At this time, the material was sorted into six series and the 28,433 pages numbered consecutively. Zosa Szajkowski prepared a Yiddish language catalog to the collection, which was published under the title Idishe diplomatie. katalog fun der David Mowshowitch-kolektsie in YIVO (Jewish Diplomacy. Catalogue of the David Mowshowitch Collection in YIVO) in Yidn in England: shtudyes un materyaln, 1880-1940 (Jews in England: Studies and Materials, 1880-1940). New York: YIVO, 1966. pages 283-296.

A new catalog in English was prepared in 1978 by David M. Wolfson. David M. Wolfson's catalog followed Zosa Szajkowski's arrangement, although some folders were further subdivided. It also included an additional series consisting of material received after the Yiddish catalog was published. This material was divided into folders and appended to the end of the collection. Although the supplement was described as a separate series, the folders were also identified according to where they were believed to fit in with the original series.

In 1990, the collection was microfilmed with the help of a grant from the S.H. and Helen R. Scheuer Family Foundation. At this time, the collection was rearranged according to principles of provenance and original order by Cecile E. Kuznitz, who also prepared the present catalog and concordance of old and new folder numbers.

The description of the collection was revised and converted into an EAD finding aid by Stanislav Pejša in 2004. The romanization of the Russian titles follows the ALA-LC Romanization table.

Abstract

Lucien Wolf (1857-1930) was a diplomat, foreign affairs expert, journalist, and historian. As the secretary of the Joint Foreign Committee of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association (earlier the Conjoint Foreign Committee), Lucien Wolf took a leading role in the efforts of Western Jewry to aid persecuted Jews in Eastern Europe. He was also a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference (1919), where he helped to draft the minorities treaties guaranteeing the rights of Jews and other ethnic and religious minority groups. David Mowshowitch (1887-1957) was Lucien Wolf's secretary and aide at the Joint Foreign Committee for many years and continued to work for the Joint Foreign Committee until the 1950s. The collection consists of the papers of Lucien Wolf and David Mowshowitch, as well as fragmentary records of the Joint Foreign Committee. The material includes personal papers, correspondence, reports, memoranda, minutes of meetings, copies of articles, and press clippings. The documents pertain to the situation of persecuted Jews throughout the world, most notably the efforts of the Joint Foreign Committee of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association to aid the Jews of Eastern Europe, and to the Peace Conference at Paris in 1919 and the minorities treaties. There is also material on Lucien Wolf's and David Mowshowitch's other activities, most importantly Lucien Wolf's career as a journalist and as a historian of the Jewish community in Britain.

Scope and Contents of the Materials

The primary strength of the collection is the light it sheds on the situation of the Jews of Eastern Europe and the efforts of Western European Jews to aid them through political action. The material on Eastern Europe is strongest for the period 1880-1930 and broadly speaking, deals with persecution, economic conditions and legal disabilities of Jews in Russia, Poland, Romania, and elsewhere. There is also important material on the Peace Conference at Paris in 1919, in particular the drafting of the minorities treaties, and later the enforcement of the treaties and the effort to secure Jewish rights at the League of Nations and the United Nations. In addition, the papers document the conditions of Jews around the world, most notably the rise of Nazi persecution in Germany and the problem of Jewish refugees in the 1930s; the contemporary situation and history of Anglo-Jewry; and Palestine and the Zionist movement.

The collection also reflects Lucien Wolf's career as a journalist and historian and contains many examples of his work in these fields, primarily his writings on international diplomacy and the history of the Jews in England. Similarly, the papers show David Mowshowitch's various interests, such as his research into Yiddish language and literature.

There are also records of the Joint Foreign Committee and materials collected by the Joint Foreign Committee in the course of its work, including reports of the Joint Foreign Committee and of other Jewish relief organizations; diplomatic and inter-office memoranda; and minutes of meetings. The correspondence in the collection consists of both Lucien Wolf's and David Mowshowitch's personal letters and official correspondence of the Joint Foreign Committee. Similarly, the press clippings relate both to Lucien Wolf's and David Mowshowitch's various activities and to the areas of concern of the Joint Foreign Committee. The papers of Lucien Wolf, including both his personal papers and some Joint of Foreign Committee records, passed after Lucien Wolf's death in 1930 to the care of his secretary, David Mowshowitch. However, it is not possible to separate correspondence between that of Lucien Wolf and that of the organizations he represented, since the correspondence had been mixed before it reached the YIVO Archives.

The sixth and seventh series consist of records of the Conjoint Foreign Committee and Joint Foreign Committee and are the longest and most significant in the collection. They reflect a wide variety of activities undertaken by that organization over many decades on behalf of Jews throughout the world. The two series contain similar types of documents and cover many of the same subjects. Because of this overlap, the researcher should consult the two series together for material on any given topic. It may be advisable to be aware of the fact that newspaper clippings removed to Series X supplement both these series.

The papers of Lucien Wolf and David Mowshowitch cover the years 1865 to 1963, with a few earlier items, particularly pertaining to Anglo-Jewish history, dating to 1708. Lucien Wolf's papers cover the period 1865-1930 and David Mowshowitch's papers span the years 1915-1963, with the majority of material on the period from the 1880s to World War II. The collection consists of diaries, correspondence, notes, manuscripts, typescripts, copies of articles, reports, memoranda, minutes of meetings, and newspaper clippings.

Historical Note

Biographical and historical note

Lucien Wolf was born in London in 1857, the son of a Bohemian political refugee and his Austrian wife. Lucien Wolf began a career in journalism at an early age, becoming a writer for The Jewish World in 1874. He held this position until 1894. Lucien Wolf soon began writing for the general as well as the Anglo-Jewish press; for example, he became an assistant editor of The Public Leader in 1877. Later he served as an editor of The Jewish World from 1905 to 1908.

As a journalist, Lucien Wolf specialized in foreign affairs and diplomacy and became a highly respected expert in these areas. From 1890 to 1909 he served as foreign editor of The Daily Graphic , where his articles on foreign affairs were published under the pseudonym "Diplomaticus." He also wrote under this name for The Fortnightly Review during the years 1895-1905. Lucien Wolf's column "The Foreign Office Bag" ran in The Daily Graphic from 1907 to 1914.

Lucien Wolf first became interested in Russian-Jewish affairs after the outbreak of pogroms in 1881. He became an advocate for Russian Jews and a critic of the Czarist regime. In particular, he drew attention to the plight of persecuted Jews at the time of events such as the Kishinev pogrom (1903), the Beilis trial (1912), and the Polish economic boycott of the Jews (1912). Because of his sympathy for his suffering coreligionists, Lucien Wolf's writing was critical of Czarist Russia and favorable to the more liberal German government. In 1912 Lucien Wolf founded Darkest Russia , which chronicled the disabilities of Jews under the Czarist government, as a supplement to The Jewish Chronicle . However, with the outbreak of World War I, Lucien Wolf's perceived anti-Russian and pro-German position undermined his standing as a foreign affairs expert and effectively ended his career in journalism. He lost his position at The Daily Graphic and halted publication of Darkest Russia out of deference to the Anglo-Russian alliance.

Lucien Wolf's concern for persecuted Jews and his knowledge of foreign affairs led to his long and fruitful involvement with the Conjoint Foreign Committee of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association (after 1917, the Joint Foreign Committee). Lucien Wolf first became a member of the Conjoint Foreign Committee in 1888 and was appointed secretary of the committee around the time of the outbreak of World War I. In this position, with the aid of his long-time secretary David Mowshowitch, he brought his diplomatic skills and his contacts at the British Foreign Office to bear on his work.

Lucien Wolf's most important contribution came with the end of World War I, when he attended the Paris Peace Conference as part of the Anglo-Jewish delegation. Lucien Wolf was instrumental in drafting the minority treaties, which guaranteed rights for the ethnic, religious, and linguistic minority populations of the defeated and newly-independent states of Eastern Europe. Lucien Wolf saw these treaties as a tool whereby the various groups of these multi-ethnic countries - notably Jews - could live in harmony and their governments be led to develop in the liberal, democratic traditions of Western Europe.

The Jewish delegations at the Peace Conference were themselves split along ideological lines. Most of the delegates from Eastern Europe supported the goals of Diaspora nationalism and sought for the Jews the status of a separate national minority. The majority of American delegates were Zionists. Lucien Wolf, however, like most West European delegates, opposed both Diaspora nationalism and Zionism. When a majority of the national Jewish delegations united to form the Comité des délégations juives , the English and French delegates, led by Lucien Wolf, refused to join. Whatever his differences with the other delegates, Lucien Wolf worked along with members of the Comité des délégations juives to secure Jewish rights through the minorities treaties. He used his diplomatic skills and personal contacts to facilitate negotiations, distributing copies of his Notes on the Diplomatic History of the Jewish Question to the delegates in order put the events of the conference in historical perspective and to disseminate his views.

Lucien Wolf worked to secure the rights set forth in the minorities treaties in the years following the Paris Peace Conference. However, despite his efforts, the treaties proved to be largely unenforceable. The League of Nations was charged with overseeing the treaty guarantees, but a member nation had to bring a treaty violation to the attention of the League of Nations before it could take action. Predictably, most countries were reluctant to antagonize a foreign government by complaining that that government was abusing its citizens.

Throughout the 1920s, Lucien Wolf continued his efforts on behalf of persecuted Jews as secretary of the Joint Foreign Committee. In 1925 he travelled to Poland to inspect the situation of Jews there, and in 1926 he visited Portugal and became involved in aiding Portuguese Marranos. With the outbreak of anti-Semitic violence in Romania in 1927, Lucien Wolf worked to alleviate the situation of Romanian Jews. Wolf also served in Geneva as an expert on minority rights at the League of Nations. He was a founder of the Advisory Committee of the High Commissioner for Refugees, and became head of that organization in 1929.

As a diplomat, Lucien Wolf's approach was always cautious. He preferred to work quietly with individuals whom he felt shared his views, rather than to put direct pressure on the Foreign Office or on foreign governments. As a loyal Englishman, he feared that any too aggressive action on behalf of foreign coreligionists might call into question his and other Jews' allegiances to their homelands and cause a backlash of anti-Semitism. Moreover, as a Western European liberal, he was confident that the governments of Eastern Europe could and would eventually be reformed into enlightened regimes where Jews enjoyed full equal rights, as they did in France and Britain.

Lucien Wolf's position on the issues of Diaspora nationalism and Zionism appeared to shift somewhat over the years. He met with Theodore Herzl at the time of the latter's visit to London in 1896, and when Israel Zangwill founded the Jewish Territorial Organization in 1905 he became an early member. However, Lucien Wolf later became a leader of the anti-Zionist camp, staunchly opposing the suggestion that Jews had a national identity other than as citizens of their country of residence. Lucien Wolf later seems to have modified his stance and become more sympathetic to the idea of Diaspora nationalism, possibly under the influence of David Mowshowitch. In an article of April 1917, Lucien Wolf wrote that over the past 35 years a new "Jewish secular nationality" had developed in Eastern Europe.

In addition to his diplomatic work, Lucien Wolf was an important Anglo-Jewish historian. He was one of the organizers of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition of 1887, at which time he compiled a bibliography of Anglo-Jewish history. This exhibit led to the founding of the Jewish Historical Society of England in 1893, of which Lucien Wolf was the first president.

Lucien Wolf's biography of Sir Moses Montefiore was published in 1884. He also edited Menassah ben Israel's Mission to Oliver Cromwell (1901) and a centenary edition of Disraeli's novels in 1905. Lucien Wolf published the Life of the First Marquess of Ripon (1921) and wrote on the history of the Portuguese Marrano community in 1925. He also compiled genealogies of many prominent Anglo-Jewish families.

Lucien Wolf's historical writings also reflected his concern with the persecution of Jews. He was considered an expert on anti-Semitism, and wrote The Jewish Bogey as a refutation of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion . Lucien Wolf also contributed the article on "Anti-Semitism," as well as that on "Zionism," to the Encyclopaedia Britannica .

David Mowshowitch was born in Russia and settled in London around the time of World War I. Beginning in 1915 he was active on the Board of Deputies of British Jews and was appointed Foreign Secretary of that body. David Mowshowitch served as secretary and chief assistant to Lucien Wolf after the latter became the head of the Joint Foreign Committee. He remained in this position throughout Lucien Wolf's tenure and continued his work for the Joint Foreign Committee after Lucien Wolf's death in 1930.

As a native of Russia , David Mowshowitch functioned as a liaison between the members of the Joint Foreign Committee and the Eastern European Jews on whose behalf the Joint Foreign Committee was working. He often travelled abroad to report on conditions in areas of Jewish suffering. During the years 1915-1918 David Mowshowitch was the Joint Foreign Committee representative in Stockholm, Sweden. The reports he sent back to London during these years provided the Joint Foreign Committee with its main source of intelligence on conditions in Eastern Europe.

David Mowshowitch is also credited with fostering in Lucien Wolf a more positive attitude towards minority rights and the use of Yiddish of which he was a fluent speaker. An amateur historian, as well as a Yiddishist and amateur linguist, David Mowshowitch wrote a book on the Yiddish language and published translations of parts of the Bible in Yiddish. He was an active member of the London YIVO Committee, through which he donated his papers to the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.

Historical Note

The Joint Foreign Committee of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association was, as its name implied, a body formed by these two main organizations of British Jewry for the purpose of handling initiatives in foreign policy. The Board of Deputies of British Jews , the officially recognized representative body of British Jewry, originated in 1760 from a cooperative effort of both the Sephardic and Ashkenazic communities of Great Britain. It adopted a written constitution in 1835. The Board of Deputies of British Jews fought for political emancipation and Jewish interests in British civil law dealing with marriage and divorce.

The Anglo-Jewish Association was founded in 1871 and modelled on its French counterpart, the Alliance israélite universelle . Like the Alliance israélite universelle , the Anglo-Jewish Association was a voluntary association that concentrated on educational work among the Jews of less "enlightened" countries, as well as on the promotion of rights of persecuted Jews abroad. In addition, because the Orthodox rabbinate controlled the official state-recognized organs of the Jewish community, the Anglo-Jewish Association served as means for many prominent assimilated Jews to participate in the affairs of Anglo-Jewry.

The Conjoint Foreign Committee was founded in 1878, with equal representation of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association. The Conjoint Foreign Committee worked with the British Foreign Office in its efforts to improve the conditions of Jews in foreign lands, an area of increasing concern as the situation of Jews in Eastern Europe deteriorated in the 1880s. The role of the Conjoint Foreign Committee became more important as the Alliance israélite universelle concentrated its efforts on educational work, in effect leaving the Conjoint Foreign Committee to speak for Western European Jewry in matters of diplomacy.

In 1917, the issue of Zionism, which had long divided the Anglo-Jewish community, came to the fore. The Board of Deputies of British Jews was Zionist in its orientation, while the Anglo-Jewish Association essentially opposed the creation of a Jewish state. In May of 1917, the Conjoint Foreign Committee issued a declaration stating its opposition to Zionism. This led the Board of Deputies of British Jews to withdraw its delegates from the Conjoint Foreign Committee and terminate its relationship with the Anglo-Jewish Association. By the end of 1917 a compromise was reached, whereby a new Joint Foreign Committee of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Anglo-Jewish Association was formed. It was agreed that the renamed Joint Foreign Committee have a majority of members from the Board of Deputies of British Jews and that it take no position on the issue of Zionism. Lucien Wolf was appointed the first secretary of the Joint Foreign Committee, a position which he held until his death in 1930. The representation of the Anglo-Jewish Association on the Joint Foreign Committee was further reduced in 1937 as the influence of the anti-Zionists diminished, and eventually was altogether eliminated.

Subject/Index Terms

Abrahams, A., Adler, Cyrus, 1863-1940, American Jewish Committee, American Jewish Congress, Antisemitism, Askenazy, Szymon, 1867-1935, Authors, Yiddish, Beilis, Menahem Mendel, 1874-1934, Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich, Graf von, 1862-1939, Blood accusation, Cecil of Chelwood, Robert Cecil, Viscount, 1864-1958, Chamberlain, Neville, 1869-1940, Charities, Diaries, Dingol, Solomon, 1887-, Documents - Poems, Galicia (Poland and Ukraine), Germany, Great Britain, Hertz, Joseph H. (Joseph Herman), 1872-1946, Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden (Germany), International relief Jewish historians, Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 1880-1940, Jewish Historical Society of England, Jewish journalists, Jewish statesmen, Joint Foreign Committee of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and Anglo-Jewish Association, Legal status, laws, etc., Marshall, Louis, 1856-1929, Melchior, Clara, Montefiore, C. G. (Claude Goldsmid), 1858-1938, Mowshowitch, David, 1887-1957, Occupational training, ORT, Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920), Refugees, Jewish, Rothschild, Edmond, baron de, 1845-1934, Sassoon, Edward Albert, Bart., 1856-1912, Schiff, Jacob H. (Jacob Henry), 1847-1920, Selborne, William Waldgrave Palmer, Earl of, 1859-1942, Sokolow, Nahum, 1859-1936, Soviet Union, Straus, Oscar S. (Oscar Solomon), 1850-1926, Vinaver, Maxim, 1862-1926, Weizmann, Chaim, 1874-1952, Wischnitzer, Mark, 1882-1955, Yiddish Literature

Administrative Information

Access Restrictions:

Open to researchers by appointment.

For more information, contact: Chief Archivist, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011. Email: archives@yivo.cjh.org

Use Restrictions:

Permission to publish part or parts of the collection must be obtained from the YIVO Archives. For more information, contact:

YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011

email: archives@yivo.cjh.org

Separated Materials: Approximately one thousand books and pamphlets were removed to the YIVO Library.

Preferred Citation: Published citations should take the following form:Identification of item, date (if known); YIVO Archives, Lucien Wolf and David Mowshowitch Papers, RG 348, folder number.

Box and Folder Listing

Series VI: Conjoint Foreign Committee and Joint Foreign Committee - Subject files arranged chronologically 1889-1951

The sixth series is composed of subject files of the Joint Foreign Committee arranged chronologically. The series consists of correspondence, memoranda, reports, minutes of meetings, and press clippings. Folders 57 through 67 contain official reports of the Joint Foreign Committee from 1915-1917. These reports contained copies of correspondence with individuals and organizations at home and abroad, minutes of meetings, reports, memoranda, resolutions, etc. regarding the diplomatic activities of the Conjoint Foreign Committee. The remaining folders cover the issues and problems with which the Joint Foreign Committee dealt in these years. Since the folders span varying periods of time, there is often overlap, with material from the same year in several different folders.

The series contains information on the situation of Jews in mainly in Russia, Poland, Romania, but also in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, such as Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Finland, Hungary, and the Baltic states, as well as Palestine and the Balkan. Among the important topics reflected in the papers are Palestine and the Zionist movement; the "Passport question" (the treatment of British Jews visiting Russia); the effects of the Russian revolution and World War I on the Jewish population; the Paris Peace Conference and the minorities treaties.

In addition to many of the individuals listed above, included in this series is correspondence from Erik Colban, Sir Eric Drummond, Lloyd George, Icchak Grünbaum, Israel Jefroykin, Moses Schorr, A. J. Toynbee, Stephen Wise, and August Zaleski.

Language of Material: The series is in English , Russian , German , French , and Yiddish .

Arrangement: Arranged chronologically.

Folder 57: Report No. 1 Policy and Etc. Resolution of the Conjoint Foreign Committee (Letter to Chief Rabbi Hertz) Letter to the Foreign Office Proposals of Russian Delegates Russian and Polish Questions, etc. Policy of the Committee (Letter to Alliance israélite universelle) Interview with Mr. Herbert Samuel, M.P. Polish Question Cooperation with the Zionists 1915 Mar. 16

Folder 58: Report No. 2 Atrocities in Russia Polish Question Proposals from the Vatican (Letter to François Deloncle) Documents Relating to the Ill-Treatment of the Jewish Population in the Eastern War Zone (Poland-Galicia-Bukovina) The Palestine Question: Negotiations between the Conjoint Foreign Committee and the Zionists 1915 July 27

Folder 59: Report No. 3 Representations to the Foreign Office Charges of Espionage against Russian Jews Visit of Lucien Wolf to Paris, etc. 1915 Sept. 6

Folder 60: Report No. 4 Correspondence with America The Russian Government and the Jews The Concessions to the Russian Jews Visit of M. Bark to London The Jews of Romania Status of the Ottoman Jews New Franco-Jewish Committee Miscellaneous 1915 Dec. 15

Folder 61: Report No. 5 Documents Sent to the Foreign Office Documents Concerning the Treatment of the Jewish Population by the Military Authorities Correspondence with the Board of Trade Conjoint Foreign Committee and the Dominions Visit of Lucien Wolf to Paris Proposed Book on the Russo-Jewish Question Visits of Russian Journalists and Members of the Duma 1916 Feb. 23

Folder 62: Report No. 6 The Threatened Pogroms The Pope and the Jews Extracts from Minutes of the Conjoint Foreign Committee, July 27, 1915 The Outrages on Jews in Russia Conjoint Foreign Committee and the Dominions Proposed Propaganda in the United States Correspondence with the Board of Trade The Economic Conference in Paris Visit of the Duma Delegates Events in America Interview with Herbert Samuel, M.P. 1916 May 17

Folder 63: Report No. 7 Prof. Victor Basch on His Mission to America The Pope and the Jews Correspondence with the Board of Trade The Economic Conference The Second Invasion of Galicia Visit of the Duma Delegates Proposed International Jewish Conference Preparations for the Peace Conference Events in the United States Romania Conjoint Foreign Committee and the Dominions 1916 June 27

Folder 64: Report No. 8 Preparations for the Peace Conference The Economic Conference Visit of the Duma Delegates Palestine and the Zionists Romania and the War Proposed International Jewish Conference Correspondence with the American Jewish Committee Cooperation of the Dominions Russian Jews and Military Service Appendix – Lucien Wolf's Visit to Paris 1916 June 27-1916 Sept. 18

Folder 65: Report No. 9 Preparations for the Peace Conference Cooperation with the Dominions Plan of Publication of Materials on the Jewish Question Libels on Russian Jews The Situation in Russia- Further Documents Armenia and Galicia The Jews of Romania Distress in the Balkans Work of the American Jewish Committee Correspondence with the Zionists 1916 Sept. 16-1917 Feb. 6

Folder 66: Report No. 10 The Russian Revolution The Imperial Conference Proposed International Jewish Conference The Jews of Romania Outrages on the Jews of Palestine Macedonian Jewish Refugees in Salonika Bagdad Jews in England The Palestine Question 1917 Feb. 6-1917 May 17

Folder 67: Report No. 11 The Palestine Question A Breach of Confidence The Situation in Russia The Polish Jewish Question The Romanian Jews Proposed Jewish Congress in Salonika Bagdad Jews in the United Kingdom Death of Leopold de Rothschild 1917 May 17-1917 July 15

Folder 68: Situation of Jews in Russia, Romania, and Bulgaria Memorandum on Russian discrimination against British Jews (Passport Question) (1890-1891) "Situation of Jews in Bagdad (reprint of Jewish Chronicle article)" (1889) Memorandum and correspondence regarding Lucien Wolf's meeting with the Russian Minister of Interior Viacheslav Konstantinovich Plehve (1903) "Outrages on the Jews (Appeal by the Russo-Jewish Committee)" (1905) Memorandum on the treaty rights of Jews in Romania (1908) Memorandum on Russian discrimination against British Jews (Passport Question) (1912) "Rights of British Jews Travelling in Russia" (1913) Conjoint Foreign Committee to Sir Edward Grey regarding British Jews in Russia (1913) Interview of M. Pichon with M.M. Leven and Jacques Bigart regarding Romania's treatment of Jews (1913) Correspondence of Marcus Ehrenpreis, the chief Rabbi of Bulgaria, regarding Bulgarian Jews (1913) Correspondence of Balfour and Luigi Luzzatti regarding Romanian Jews (1914)
1889-1914

Folder 69: Darkest Russia - Periodical published by Lucien Wolf Correspondence with Leonard Cohen; ? Lemarduchen; ? Milholland; Mayer Sulzberger; Alfred Wiener; Grégoire Alexinsky; N. Avxentieff; Alexander Koiransky; G. Lazareff; B. Lebedeff; Pavel Nikolaevich Miliukov; N. Rakitnikov List of 242 names of recipients of Darkest Russia in Germany Notice of the suspension of publication of Darkest Russia (August 5, 1915) 1911-1915

Folder 70: World War I and materials regarding the Central Committee for National Patriotic Organizations Correspondence with Israel Zangwilll; Lady Primrose; ? Montefiore; David Lindo Alexander; Clara Melchior; Meyer Spielmann to Isidore Spielmann; ? Jacobs; Dr. Eder; L.W. Archer, ? Schiff; A.J. Dawson; George W. Prothero; Mrs. Prothero Speech by Lucien Wolf on behalf of the Central Committee - Typescript 1914-1915

Folder 71: Situation of Jews in Russia, Poland, and Romania Lucien Wolf's credentials and letter of reference Lucien Wolf's letter on his visit to the Foreign Office regarding the Zionists Lucien Wolf's memorandum on the proposals of Reuben Blank, J. Tschlenow, and Nahum Sokolow to help Jews in Russia and Poland Proposal to enlarge the Conjoint Foreign Committee Conjoint Foreign Committee Report, January 20-March 16 Correspondence with Jacques Bigart regarding Conjoint Foreign Committee policy during the World War I Memorandum of interview with Herbert Samuel, M.P Correspondence regarding an interview with Lloyd George Memorandum regarding the ill-treatment of Jews in Poland, Galicia, and Bukovina Memorandum of meeting with Polish leaders Stanislas Patek and August Zaleski Proposals of F. Deloncle regarding Vatican representation at the Peace Conference Memorandum to Conjoint Foreign Committee regarding assistance to Jewish war victims in Russia Foreign Office memorandum on the situation of Jews in Poland and Galicia Memorandum on the actions of the Conjoint Foreign Committee during the war Report of visit of Bark (Russian Minister of Finance) regarding Russian Jews "On the Anglo-French Parliamentarian Delegation to Russia" "The Suffering of the Russian Jews" Reply to a letter from Warsaw communicated by the Foreign Office 1915

Folder 72: Attitudes of American Jewry to World War I and relations with the American Jewish community Correspondence of Stephen Wise to Montefiore regarding raising money for war relief in Palestine Suggestions for pro-Allied propaganda among American Jews Interview with de Rothschild Correspondence with Louis Marshall Memorandum regarding Allied governments' attitudes towards the "Jewish Question" in Russia and towards Palestine Lucien Wolf's report on his visit to Paris Correspondence with Louis Marshall regarding a diplomatic initiative with the Vatican 1916

Folder 73: Situation of Jews in Russia Petition to the Lord Mayor of London regarding the persecution of the Jews in Russia Correspondence with Assistant Secretary of the Board of Trade; Sir Edward Grey; Georges Leygnes; David L. Alexander; Bernard Pares to Wilenski; C.E. Sebag-Montefiore 1916

Folder 74: Edinburgh Fund and missionary work among the Russian-Jewish victims of the war "The Catching of Souls," translation of articles from Evreiskaia Shisnj [sic, Evreiskaia Zhizn’ (Jewish Life)] Correspondence with Greenberg, L. to Claude G. Montefiore; Henderson, J. Milne to Leopold de Rothschild; Simon, N. to the Editor Newspaper clippings from The Jewish World 1916

Folder 75: Situation of Jews in Eastern Europe Memorandum regarding a motion to expand the Conjoint Foreign Committee during the war Correspondence with Percy Cowan; S. Rowson; Alliance israélite universelle; Edward Grey; Lancelot Oliphant; Comitato delle Comunità israelitiche italiane; Comité internationale pour la defense de la liberte religiuese; Letter to the Jewish Communities of the British Empire; Alfred Nathan and Aucland Hebrew Congregation (Aucland, New Zealand) 1916

Folder 76: Palestine and Zionism Correspondence with Lord Reading; Nahum Sokolow; Percy Cowan; James Armand de Rothschild; Zalaman W. Dywien 1916

Folder 77: Russian Jewish refugees in England and their possible conscription into the British armed forces Lucien Wolf. "The Alien and the Army - Can We Conscript Foreign Jews?" "Russian Jews and Military Service" London Political Social Democratic Club: Protest against conscription " Di farteydikungs-comitet fun di oislendishe yidn " [The Defense Committee of Foreign Jews] - Poster Correspondence with Herbert Samuel; ? de Rothschild "Russian Subjects and Voluntary Service in the British Army" - Leaflet Committee of Delegates of Russian Socialist Groups in London "Data on Russian Refugees" "Report of Actions Taken by the Committee" " Za pravo ubiezhishcha! " [For the right of asylum] United Russian Committee for Matters of Military Service 1916

Folder 78: Russian Jewish refugees in England and their possible conscription into the British armed forces Anti-conscription materials from the Committee of Delegates of Russian Socialist Groups in London Correspondence with Leopold de Rothschild, David Mowshowitch Notices to Russian Jews, applications to serve in the army, and press clippings Memorandum of Emile Durkheim: " Note sur les mesures ayant pour objet d'obliger les Russes refugies en Angleterre a s'engager dans l'armee anglaise ou a rejoindre l'armee russe " [Note on the measures designed to force Russian refugees in England to join the British army or to rejoin the Russian army] 1914-1917

Folder 79: Russian Revolution, Poland, Romania, Zionism, and other topics Memorandum on the Russian Revolution Correspondence with Maxim Vinaver; Adolphe de Guenzburg to de Rothschild; David Mowshowitch, Montefiore "Russian Jewry and the League of Nations." "Statement on the Palestine Question" - Conjoint Foreign Committee The Polish Review - Correspondence Report of the Dmowski Committee "Fundamental Principles of the Constitution of Poland" Letter to Claude G. Montefiore; August Zaleski "The Treaty with Romania" - V. Vodovosoff Correspondence with Sir Marcus Samuel; Comitato delle Comunità israelitiche italiane; Pro Causa Judaica; Reuben Blank "Pro-Israele: Non-Jewish Association for the Defense of Jewish Rights in the European Settlements" Edmund Scheuer Correspondence with Alfred Nathan; Joseph Cowen; Claude G. Montefiore's report of interview with Lord Milner "The Coming Peace and the Jewish Question" 1917

Folder 80: Situation of Jews in Russia, Poland and Romania Statement by Reuben Blank regarding the situation of Jews in Russia Memorandum by Reuben Blank regarding the Peace Conference Materials regarding Poland Council of the Polish Community in Great Britain to the Aliens Advisory Committee; Louis Marshall to Woodrow Wilson Report of a conversation between Roman Dmowski and Louis Marshall Correspondence between Louis Marshall and Ignace Paderewski Statement of the Polish National Committee Materials regarding Romania: Report of the Romanian Sub-Committee Report of interview with Take Jonescu David Labin - Correspondence "The Jewish Question in Lithuania and the Coming Treaty of Peace" "The Jews of Vienna." Agenda of Joint Foreign Committee meeting (September 9, 1918) Letter to Lord Balfour 1918

Folder 81: Jewish Relief Committee Statement of Contributions of the Jewish Relief Committee in Petrograd 1914-1918 "Protection of National Minorities" - Gery Gotheim in Berliner Tagblatt (1917) Memorandum on the Situation of Russian Jews (1918) Die Neue Freie Presse regarding a peace treaty - Newspaper clippings (1918) "Declaration of Common Aims of Mid-European Nations" - Poster Constitution of the Joint Foreign Committees 1917-1918

Folder 82: Jewish minority rights at the Paris Peace Conference - Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russia Memorandum regarding Jews in Finland Report of the Joint Foreign Committee on January 1 and February 4, 1919 Draft of Lucien Wolf's speech at the Maccabeans Dinner (1920) Statement of Policy on the Palestinian Question - Joint Foreign Committee Materials regarding pogroms in Ukraine Correspondence with the Foreign Office Memorandum and Letter to the editor of The Times on “Jews and Bolshevism” " Note de Lucien Wolf aux plenipontentiares anglais au nom de Joint Foreign Committee " [Note of Lucien Wolf to the English Plenipotentiaries on behalf of the Joint Foreign Committee] Correspondence between the Alliance israélite universelle and the Zionist Organization regarding the Jewish delegation at the Peace Conference Correspondence regarding Jewish rights in Romania The Jews and the War - Memorials of the Delegation of the Jews of the British Empire Resolution of the Alliance israélite universelle regarding minority rights Lucien Wolf's report of his interview with Paderewski Record of a conversation between Lucien Wolf, Henry Morgenthau, Jacques Bigart, and Isaac Lambman Report of the Delegation on its Visit to Paris Letter to Lloyd George The petition of the Jews of the United Kingdom to the peace Conference "The Peace Conference - Interim Report of the Delegation of Jews of the British Empire" "Czech-Jewish Relations." "La Roumanie et le controle des minorites" [Romania and the Control of the minorities] Proposed changes in the treaty with Romania Letter of S. Labin to Lucien Wolf Lucien Wolf's memorandum of his interview with Mr. Venizelos of Greece Proposed versions of minority treaty with Poland Letter of Clemenceau to Paderewski accompanying treaty " Memorandum sur la Question Juive en Roumanie " [Memorandum on the Jewish Question in Romania] 1919

Folder 83: Jewish rights at the League of Nations, minorities treaties and pogroms in Ukraine, Hungary Materials regarding pogroms in the Ukraine Minority Treaty – Poland Report of the Joint Foreign Committee regarding the enforcement of the minorities treaties Memorandum on anti-Semitic propaganda in Great Britain Petition of Lucien Wolf to the League of Nations regarding the admission of nine new states Correspondence with the Foreign Office Complain to the Polish delegation at the League of Nations regarding anti-Semitism in Poland "Jewish Question before the Assembly of the League of Nations" - Joint Foreign Committee report Joint Foreign Committee Report on Permanent Court of International Justice Alliance israélite universelle regarding the situation of Jews in Hungary - Correspondence Report by Sir Stuart Samuel on his mission to Poland League of Nations resolution regarding the treaty with Czechoslovakia 1920

Folder 84: Jewish rights at the League of Nations, pogroms in Ukraine, Jews in Austria; Finland, Hungary, Romania, and Russia Joint Foreign Committee report on Jewish Questions during the Assembly of the League of Nations Correspondence with Neville Laski "Polish Complaint in Regard to the Expulsion of Jews from Austria" and "The Alleged Expulsion of Polish Jews from Vienna." Correspondence with Erik Colban concerning minority treaties Memorandum regarding emigration of Jews from Eastern Europe - Joint Foreign Committee Correspondence with Icchak Grünbaum , Helmer Rosting, E. A. Frick, S. Van Hamel, Israel Jefroykin Peace Treaty with Hungary "Protection of Minorities in Finland" Action Française - Newspaper clipping 1921

Folder 85

Jewish rights at the League of Nations, Austria; Finland, Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Latvia Mandate for Palestine "Report on the Meeting of the Council of the League of Nations in London, July 1922" "Report on Russian Relief (Refugees and Famine)" Correspondence with the Soviet officials regarding the anti-religious laws in Russia Austria's application of minority treaty rights to Jews and the situation of Jews in Hungary "Foreign Affairs" - Joint Foreign Committee report on its activities for 1921 Zionistisches Landeskomitee für Österreich " L'interpretation par l'Austriche de l'article 80 du traite de St. Germain-en-Laye " and Memorandum concerning putting into action article 80 of the Peace Treaty of St. Germain towards Jewish confession exercising their right for option and other supporting documents Samuel Shytlowsky on the issues of Jewish minority in Bielorussia "Latvian Minority Problems and the League of Nations - Comité des delegations juives 1922

Folder 86: League of Nations, Persecution of Jews in Russia, and Minority rights in Poland, Austria, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia Persecution of the Jewish religion in Russia Enforcement of the minorities treaties Austria's discrimination against Jews Numerus clausus and questions of citizenship in Hungary "Minorites en Poland" Romanian refugees. Enforcement of the minorities treaty and Numerus clausus in Poland "Notes of the Proposals of the Polish Government to the Council of the League with Regard to Procedure in Connection with Minority Petitions" "Report on Minorities Procedure Presented to the Council of League of Nations" "League of Nations - Protection of Minorities – Questions of Procedure" 1923

Folder 87: League of Nations, Numerus clausus in Hungary, and Minority rights in Austria, Poland, Romania, Ethiopia, and Greece Hungary – Numerus clausus Refugees Report of Fifth Assembly of League of Nations (September 1 - November 2, 1924) Numerus clausus in Austrian universities "Memorandum on the Regulations for the Formation of Student 'Nations' at the Vienna Technical High School" Jewish minorities in Hungary Memorandum on the Jews of Salonika "Report of the Secretary and Special Delegate of the Joint Foreign Committee on Questions of Jewish Interest at the Fifth Assembly of the League" 1924

Folder 88: League of Nations, Numerus clausus in Hungary; minority rights in Palestine, Romania and Poland; and calendar reform Hungary - Numerus clausus – Correspondence with O.E. d'Avigdor Goldsmid and the Foreign Office " Expose des vues du Judaisme mondial presenté au comite d'etudes de la réforme du calendrier " [Report of views of World Jewry to the Committee for the Study of Calender Reform]" "Minorities and the League of Nations" – Correspondence with Lord Cecil, Erik Colban " Les affaires juives en Pologne " [Jewish Affairs in Poland] "Jewish Minorities in Hungary – Communication with Annexes by Mr. Lucien Wolf concerning the Hungarian Law No. XXV, 1920 on the ' Numerus Clausus '" and correspondence "Rules of Procedure for Questions Concerning the Protection of Minorities," League of Nations report "Minutes of a Meeting of the Minorities Committee held on May 26, 1925" "Protection of Minorities – Code of minority procedure" 1925

Folder 89: Situation of Jews in Poland, Hungary, Russia, Romania, Turkey, and Latvia "The Jews of Poland" - Published correspondence between August Zaleski and Lucien Wolf Minorities Treaties - Correspondence with Lord Cecil and Erik Colban Question of the 'Stateless' [Staatenlose] and Refugees "Joint Action with the Board of Deputies of British Jews" - Memorandum on foreign affairs for Anglo-Jewish Association "The Seventh Assembly of League of Nations" "Religious Education in Russia" "Memorandum of the Central Executive Committee of the Association of Academic Unions in Poland" - Zwiazek Zydowskich Stowarzysze Akademickich w Polsce Klub Poslów Sejmowych i Senatorów Żydowskiej Rady Narodowej [Jewish National Club in Sejm] - Correspondence with I. Grünbaum "The League of Nations Council and the Minorities Treaties" "List of Publications of the Joint Foreign Committee 1908-1926" with a supplement list covering years 1926-1930 1926

Folder 90: League of Nations, Hungary, Romania Conference called in Zurich by the Comité des delegations juives and the American Jewish Congress Numerus clausus - Hungary Protection of Minorities Rights – Letter by Ignác Friedmann "Nationale Minderheitsrechte" League of Nations Union – Correspondence with Lucy Mair "Proposed Minorities Treaties Committee" "Report of the Special Committee on Minorities of the Plenary Congress, Berlin" Report of Joint Foreign Committee Legal Sub-Committee, Thursday, December 1, 1927 1927

Folder 91: League of Nations, Hungary, and Russia Jewish Religious Education in Russia "Summary of Agreement between the Representatives of the American Committee in Constantinople and the Assistant High Commissioner for Refugees of League of Nations" Question of Stateless [ Staatenlose ] Minorities – Correspondence with Lucy Mair, R.W. Seton-Watson Execution of Minorities Treatise – Correspondence with H.M. Swanwick "Proposed Minorities Treaties Committee" "The Communication of Documents Addressed to the League of Nations Council by Non-Official Associations" "Jewish Minorities in Hungary" "Note on the Letter from the Alliance israélite universelle" "Report on the Amended 'Numerus Clausus' Law" "Report on the Procedure of the Committee of Three of the League of Nations " - Joint Foreign Committee "League of Nations - Communications from Non-Official Organisations" 1928

Folder 92: League of Nations and the minorities treaties "The procedure for giving effect to the League of Nations guarantee of the minorities and the proposals thereon submitted to the fifty fourth session of the Council of the League" Correspondence with W.A. Riddell and Walter Napier 1929

Folder 93: League of Nations and situation of Jews in Romania, Russia, and Hungary Romania - "The ' Staatenlose ' problem in Roumania"; "The Situation in Roumania"; Correspondence with Romanian government officials; Correspondence with United Roumanian Jews of America; American Jewish Conference resolutions regarding Romania Minutes of meetings of the Joint Foreign Committee on January 15, March 5, and March 27 "Foreign Affairs" - Report for 1929 "Report on the Situation in Russia" - Joint Foreign Committee "Note of an Interview with Count Bethlen, Hungarian Prime Minister" 1930

Folder 94: Situation of Jews in Russia and the minorities treaties "Documents Relative to the Situation of the Jews in Russia" - Joint Foreign Committee Leonard J. Stein – Correspondence "Jews and the League of Nations Guarantee of the Minorities Treaties" A. J. Toynbee - Correspondence 1931-1932

Folder 95: Situation of Jews in Germany and Austria "Notes of Conversation with Bernard Kahn" "International Action and the Jewish Position in Germany" "Work of the J.F.C. in Connection with the League of Nations" "Interim Report on the Work of the Allocations Committee" - Central British Fund for German Jewry Special Report on its mission of inquiry to Europe - Joint Foreign Committee Interviews with Leo Baeck, Robert Weltsch, Karl Melchior, Dr. Tietz, and Dr. Woyda Max J. Kohler to Cordell Hull, U.S. Secretary of State "Note of interviews with Sir Robert Vansittart" Austria - Correspondence between Oskar Grünbaum and Paul Goodman "Remarks Communicated by Dr. Alexander Teich, General Secretary of the Weltverband Judischer Studenten, to P.D.J. Draiff on the Austrian situation" 1933

Folder 96: Jewish colonization proposals " Angola und die Juedischen Siedlungsbestrebungen " [Angola and Jewish Settlement Efforts] – Memorandum by Manfred Kirschberg "An Exhortation at the Twelfth Hour - Angola and the Jewish Settlement" " Bericht über eine Informationreise nach der Suedafrikanischen Union der beiden Rhodesien und Kenya (Britisch-Ostafrika) " [Report on Informative Trip to both Rhodesias and Kenya (British East Africa)] – Memorandum by Mark Wischnitzer 1933-1936

Folder 97: Situation of Jews in Germany Correspondence includes letters by G. Warburg, Leonard G. Montefiore, Robert Bernays "Note of Interview with Sir Robert Vansittart at the Foreign Office" "Memorandum of the Information Department" "Note of Interview with Mr. Messesmith, American Minister to Austria…" "Report on Journey to Austria, Poland, and Danzig" [Gdansk] - Neville Laski – Notes on visit to Geneva - Neville Laski 1934

Folder 98: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania "Interview between a representative of the Joint Foreign Committee and a prominent Member of the Austrian Jewish Community" "Interview with Dr. Dessider Friedman and Dr. Oskar Grunbaum" Interview with Saly Mayer regarding the Bern Trial Romania - Correspondence regarding citizenship requirements in Poland - Correspondence with Polish Embassy regarding Jewish students in Poland "Memorandum submitted by the Polish League of Nations Federation on the Jewish Question Hungary - Situation of Jewish Community Czechoslovakia – Political Situation 1935-1938

Folder 99: Situation of Jews during the World War II and a future peace conference "Notes on Some Polish-Jewish Diplomatic Contacts During the Last War [the First World War]" "The Jewish Question at the Future Peace Conference" - Memorandum by David Mowshowitch in English and Yiddish "The Minority Treaties (Poland)" – Historical outline "List of discriminatory measures taken against Jews in Poland" "Post War Policy" "Jewish Post-War Problems" "The Jewish Question and the League of Nations Union" "United Kingdom Draft of Charter on Territorial Trusteeship" Notes on Conversations with the Foreign minister Eden’s secretary "German Atrocities on Jews" "The Jewish Case at the Future Peace Negotiations" Joint Foreign Committee reports for February -March 1942, March-April 1943, and August 3-4 1942 Notes on the history of the Joint Foreign Committee "Suggestions for an Improved Procedure to Secure Execution of the Treaties (Minorities)" – Memorandum by C.A. Macartney and other material on the future of minorities in Europe 1939-1944

Folder 100: Refugee problems "Suggested Steps for Saving Jews in Nazi Occupied Europe Note of interview with F.K. Roberts Note of interview with F.K. Roberts and A.W.G. Randall at the Foreign Office "Memorandum on the Jewish Case for the Bermuda Conference" Report of parliamentary debate on aid for refugees Report of the Coordinating Board of Jewish Organisations on a conference regarding problems of migration 1943-1944, 1951

Folder 101: Peace conference and the United Nations Press Clippings regarding the peace conference and minority rights "Territorial Trusteeship - United Kingdom Draft of Chapter for Inclusion in United Nations Charter" "Forced Labor - A Tool of Communism" -Address before the United Nations "Memorandum on crimes of genocide Committed against the Serbian People… " Correspondence and memorandum regarding free elections in Germany 1946-1951