Brief Description: The collection consists of diaries, eyewitness accounts, testimonies, essays, official and underground publications, documents from the Jewish councils (Judenrats). The materials pertain to Jewish communities, ghettos, labor camps and to Jews living illegally on the "Aryan side". Materials on the Warsaw Ghetto include a manuscript diary and other notes by Emanuel Ringelblum. Essays by other members of the Oneg Shabat group on topics related to conditions in the ghetto, such as: black market, street trade, smuggling, working, performing arts, child beggars, ghetto folklore, sanitary conditions, mortality, the Jewish police, the Judenrat, self-help orgainizations, child care. Materials on the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in April 1943 include testimonies, reports in the Polish underground press, a communication from the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK) to the Jewish Fighters' Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa, ZOB) about support for the uprising. Materials on other communities consist mostly of eyewitness accounts and diaries from Chelm, Ciechanow, Czestochowa, Dabie, Garbatka, Gora Kalwaria, Gorlice, Kaunas, Krosniewice, Kutno, Legionowo, Lodz, Lubicz, Lublin, Lwow, Ostrowiec, Otwock, Piotrkow, Plock, Plonsk, Serock, Slonim, Sokolow Podlaski, Torczyn, Vilna. Eyewitness accounts of the early labor camps for Jewish prisoners in Budzyn, Lowicz, Osiedle Osow, Pustkow, Tyszowce. A testimony about the first death camp in Chelmno near Lodz.